Commercial drones can take to the skies in the U.S. without needing a special waiver beginning today, and that will lead to a vast amount of new data and use cases built on that data, says Mark Miller, vice president of Global Aviation at The Weather Company.
Today the Federal Aviation Administration released new rules governing the operation of commercial drones.
Formerly, small commercial drones could operate only with a special exemption under Section 333 of its regulations that could take months to obtain. The new rule, known as Part 107, requires that drone operators have a remote pilot certificate with a small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) rating, or that they be directly supervised by someone with a certificate. Drone operators have to keep their aircraft within visual line of sight and can operate their drones only during daylight. Further, the combined weight of a drone and any packages it carries can be no more than 55 pounds.
New air-based avenues of data
Even with these restrictions, Miller says the capability for commercial operators to access low-altitude airspace — generally below 500 feet — will open up whole new vistas of data and use cases.
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"There's such an amazing array of potential uses of drones," he says.
In precision agriculture, drones can help optimize crop yields through targeted application of pesticides and inspection of local terrain to ensure irrigation is applied as efficiently as possible. In disaster recovery and response, drones can do initial surveillance without putting first responders at risk. For insurers, drones can help determine the impact of events ranging from hail storms to tornados. Utilities can use drones to inspect their assets and oil and gas companies can use them to inspect infrastructure like pipelines. Land use analysis, photography and videography and, of course, the atmospheric sciences all stand to benefit.
Many of the use cases will depend on drones as observation platforms.
"There's a tremendous amount of activity that's going to be unleashed," Miller says.
A deal for drone operators
In preparation for this activity, IBM's The Weather Company sealed a deal earlier this month with AirMap, a specialist in low-altitude airspace management solutions. With The Weather Company's help, AirMap will deliver real-time, hyperlocal weather data directly to drone operators via AirMap's app for iOS and Apple Watch as well at its APIs for developers.
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"Part 107 is a major milestone in drone regulation for visual line-of-sight operations," Ben Marcus, CEO of AirMap and an airline transport rated pilot and flight instructor, said in a statement earlier this month. "The availability of real-time hyperlocal weather data from The Weather Company will help today's drone pilots avoid hazardous and severe weather, and will be absolutely critical for safe, efficient flight planning and operations of more autonomous, beyond visual-line-of-sight drones."
Accurate and hyperlocal forecasts are even more important for drones than they are for manned aircraft, Miller says.
"These drones are very susceptible to weather," he says. "Rain can have an impact; snows, wind is a major impact. Extreme temperatures."
"Most airline operation occurs above 10,000 feet, outside arrival and departure activities," Miller explains. "Drones are typically in the lower 500 feet of the atmosphere. The weather and meteorology changes rapidly in that lower boundary layer. You encounter a lot more local weather — very localized weather phenomena that can affect your operation. Those are particularly challenging to forecast."
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The Weather Company's forecasting platform already produces precise weather forecasts every 15 minutes for 2.2 billion locations worldwide. It uses machine learning and more than 100 terabytes of third-party data daily, and a network of more than 200,000 personal weather stations that report in minute-by-minute. It's also starting to work on ingesting air pressure data gathered from cell phones and instrumentation data from aircraft, which can help it analyze wind speed and turbulence data, which can then be deployed to other aircraft.
Drones add to big data
Soon, sensors on drones themselves will begin adding to the data trove, along with sensors from smart home technology and connected automobiles.
"The technology that sits behind this forecast engine is notable," Miller says. "We're leveraging the cloud to produce on-demand forecasts with great precision. We're leveraging not only the best science, but also broader sets of data from the Internet of Things."
"What we're fundamentally doing is mapping the atmosphere," he adds. "We're really combining a lot of these technologies and applying them to real-world problems."
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